Lots of people nowadays are interested in making solar panel plans for their homes. The sun is a pollution free, infinite source of electricity and with the rising cost of energy, and environments concerns of many people, solar electricity can be very desirable. In particular, a lot of people are interested in building their own system in order to save money on the up front expense of a solar system.
The purpose of this article is to outline what is involved in building one of several variants of solar panel systems. I intend this to be a very general article; it will not have in depth instructions or anything, but will give you an outline of the different components of a solar system and how they can be combined to create systems for a variety of purposes.
Components Of Good Solar Panel Plans:
1. Solar Panels – Collections of individual photovoltaic cells that create an electric current by harnessing the power of the sun.
2. Array DC Disconnect - The DC disconnect is used to safely interrupt the flow of electricity from the solar panel array. This is necessary in order to do system maintenance.
3. Charge Controller – The charge controller protects your batter bank from overcharging. It monitors the battery bank and when the bank is fully charged it interrupts the flow of electricity from the panels. Just like your cell phone, your solar system’s batteries don’t like to be over or undercharged either of which can reduce the batteries life span.
4. Batteries – Solar systems use special batteries made to endure the continuous charging and discharging they will need to endure. A typical off-grid system will usually want enough batteries to provide power for 1-3 cloudy days. A grid-tied system will not need such a large battery bank because typically power loss will last no more than a few hours.
5. System Meter - System meters track your system’s performance and status, tracking how full your battery bank is, how much electricity your solar panels are producing, and how much electricity is in use.
6. Main DC Disconnect – Like the array disconnect the main DC disconnect can be used to interrupt the flow of electricity between the batteries and the inverter. This allows the inverter to be serviced, and protects the inverter to battery wiring against electrical fires.
7. Inverter - Inverters transform the DC electricity produced by your solar panels into the alternating current (AC) electricity used in homes. If on a grid-tied system the inverter will synchronize your systems electricity with the grid’s electricity so that when your system has excess electricity it can be fed back to the utility grid.
7. AC Breaker Panel - The AC breaker panel is where all the wiring in the home meets with the electricity source, whether that’s solar panels or the grid. It routes electricity throughout the house and allows electricity to be disconnected from any room in the home to allow for maintenance and repairs. It also protects the building against electrical fires.
8. Kilowatt per Hour Meter – This is your power meter which keeps track of how much electricity your home uses per month. On a grid tied solar system this meter can keep track of electricity flowing from the grid to your home and from your home to the grid when you are generating more electricity than you need. You will then pay the electric company the net of electricity used and electricity you sent back to the grid.

Solar Panel Plans For Different Uses
A) Portable – A useful system for campers, astronomers, and other similar situations. You can put together one for under $200.
It would look like this: Solar Panel > Charge Controller > Battery > Inverter.
B) Grid-Tie – This is what most homes with grid access will have. The downside to this system is it does not provide power to your home at night or on cloudy days. This system saves you on the up front cost by not having a battery bank.
Solar Panels > Array DC Disconnect > Inverter > AC Breaker Panel > Kilowatt Per Hour Meter > Grid tie in.
C) Grid-Tie with Battery Backup – This is just a grid-tie system with an added battery backup. It has the advantage of allowing you to use stored solar energy even on cloudy days, basically eliminating your power bill completely, and you still maintain a grid connection just in case you need it.
Solar Panels > Array DC Disconnect > Charge Controller > Deep Cycle Battery > System Meter > Main DC Disconnect > Inverter > AC Breaker Panel > Kilowatt Per Hour Meter > Grid Tie In
D) Off-Grid Solar System – A completely independent system with no grid connection. This will often be a home that is outside the utility grid, for instance a cabin, or a science research facility in the middle of nowhere.
Solar Panels > Array DC Disconnect > Charge Controller > Deep Cycle Battery > System Meter > Main DC Disconnect > Inverter > Generator >AC Breaker Panel
I hope this has been helpful. If you are interested in building your own solar power system or simply would like some more information on exactly how to build a solar system please visit our Solar Panel Plans section, which features information on Do It Yourself guides that are available. Good luck with your solar panel plans!